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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Vaccinations01:51

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Overview
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
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Immunization During Pregnancy: Impact on the Infant.

Kirsten P Perrett1,2,3, Terry M Nolan4

  • 1Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Kirsten.perrett@mcri.edu.au.

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Summary

Maternal immunization is increasingly recognized for protecting mothers, fetuses, and infants. This review covers current recommendations, focusing on influenza and Tdap vaccines, and future directions for this vital strategy.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Maternal immunization is gaining acceptance due to recognized benefits for maternal and infant health.
  • The strategy protects not only the pregnant woman but also the developing fetus and young infant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence supporting active immunization during pregnancy.
  • To emphasize perinatal and infant outcomes associated with maternal vaccination.
  • To present current recommendations and future directions for maternal immunization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature and clinical evidence.
  • Analysis of perinatal and infant outcomes following maternal immunization.
  • Examination of current vaccination guidelines and recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports the benefits of maternal immunization for both mother and child.
  • Routine vaccines like influenza and Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) are recommended during pregnancy.
  • Significant improvements in perinatal and infant health outcomes are associated with maternal vaccination.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal immunization is a safe and effective strategy for enhancing protection against infectious diseases.
  • Continued research and development of maternal vaccines are crucial.
  • Optimizing and promoting maternal immunization can significantly advance public health for mothers and infants.