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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

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Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation.  In gated transport, folded...
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Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

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Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

9.9K
The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
9.9K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

3.4K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Detection of Detergent-sensitive Interactions Between Membrane Proteins
10:09

Detection of Detergent-sensitive Interactions Between Membrane Proteins

Published on: March 7, 2018

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Protein sorting and membrane-mediated interactions.

Mária Hanulová1, Matthias Weiss2

  • 1Experimental Physics I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany.

Biophysical Reviews
|May 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular protein sorting is crucial. Recent research highlights how membrane lipids, not just protein interactions, actively facilitate the transport and localization of membrane proteins to specific organelles.

Keywords:
Hydrophobic mismatchProtein sortingProtein trafficSecretory pathway

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Nitrogen Cavitation and Differential Centrifugation Allows for Monitoring the Distribution of Peripheral Membrane Proteins in Cultured Cells
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

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Nitrogen Cavitation and Differential Centrifugation Allows for Monitoring the Distribution of Peripheral Membrane Proteins in Cultured Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Approximately one-third of eukaryotic proteomes comprise peripheral and transmembrane proteins.
  • Proper distribution and dynamic maintenance of these proteins at distinct cellular locations are essential for cell function.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of protein trafficking and sorting is a fundamental question in cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent insights into the role of membrane lipids in protein sorting.
  • To explore membrane-mediated interactions as a physicochemical mechanism for protein trafficking.
  • To discuss the active role of lipids in the dynamic maintenance of protein localization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on membrane protein sorting.
  • Analysis of studies investigating lipid-protein interactions in cellular trafficking.
  • Discussion of physicochemical principles governing membrane-mediated sorting.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests membrane lipids play an active role in protein sorting, beyond simple binary protein interactions.
  • Membrane-mediated interactions are proposed as a robust physicochemical mechanism facilitating protein trafficking.
  • Lipids contribute to the dynamic maintenance of proteins at specific cellular locations.

Conclusions:

  • Lipids are increasingly recognized as critical players in the sorting and trafficking of membrane proteins.
  • Membrane-mediated interactions offer a powerful framework for understanding protein localization.
  • Further research into lipid roles can elucidate fundamental cellular organization principles.