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Relationship between Glycemic Levels and Treatment Outcome among Critically Ill Children admitted into Emergency Room

Nwachinemere Davidson Uleanya1, Elias Chikee Aniwada2, Ikenna Chidiebele Nwokoye3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. nulesa2001@yahoo.com.

BMC Pediatrics
|May 18, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Hypoglycemia in critically ill children significantly increases mortality risk, while hyperglycemia also impacts outcomes. Blood glucose monitoring is crucial for improving treatment results and survival rates in pediatric emergency care.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Critical Care Pediatrics

Background:

  • Critically ill children require immediate emergency room attention.
  • Maintaining airway patency, effective breathing, and circulation are vital.
  • Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are linked to poor prognosis, extended hospital stays, and increased mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between glycemic levels and treatment outcomes in critically ill children.
  • To determine the relationship between glycemic levels and length of hospital stay.

Main Methods:

  • An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on critically ill children aged 1 month to 10 years.
  • Admission blood glucose levels were measured.
  • Data on sociodemographics, hospitalization duration, and treatment outcomes were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires.
  • Statistical analyses included Chi-square, logistic regression, and Kruskal Wallis tests.

Main Results:

  • Out of 300 patients, 39% had hyperglycemia, 20.7% had hypoglycemia, and 40.3% had euglycemia.
  • Mortality was 16% (48 deaths).
  • A significant association was found between glycemic levels and treatment outcome (p < 0.001).
  • Hypoglycemia was significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.001), with children having hypoglycemia being approximately 5 times less likely to survive.
  • Hyperglycemia showed a non-significant trend towards reduced survival.

Conclusions:

  • Both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are associated with increased mortality in critically ill children, with hypoglycemia having a more pronounced effect.
  • Glycemic control is a significant determinant of treatment outcomes in this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenCritically illHyperglycemiaHypoglycemiaTreatment outcome

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