Body dysmorphic disorder in the dermatology patient

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Dermatology

Background:

• Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by obsessive preoccupation with perceived physical flaws.
• These perceived defects are often minor or nonexistent, leading to significant distress, shame, and ritualistic behaviors like excessive mirror-checking.
• Skin, hair, and nails are commonly affected areas, with patients frequently seeking reassurance from others.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the incidence, etiology, and clinical presentation of BDD in dermatology patients.
• To discuss interpersonal approaches for appropriate treatment and referral.
• To review specific treatments and prognosis for BDD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on body dysmorphic disorder.
• Analysis of clinical presentation in dermatology patients.
• Discussion of diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

• BDD presents a spectrum from obsessional worry to delusion, often with comorbid anxiety, depression, and personality disorders.
• Dermatologists may overlook BDD and its psychiatric comorbidities, delaying effective treatment.
• Recognition of BDD is crucial for initiating appropriate management and referrals.

Conclusions:

• BDD significantly impacts patients' lives, necessitating recognition by non-psychiatric physicians, particularly dermatologists.
• Effective management requires understanding the disorder's psychiatric nature and comorbidities.
• Timely diagnosis and referral improve treatment outcomes and prognosis for individuals with BDD.