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Field Application of Global Positioning System01:28

Field Application of Global Positioning System

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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Introduction to Global Positioning System01:30

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was developed in 1978 by the U.S. Department of Defense  for military use, and it became available for civilian applications in 1983, transforming fields including navigation, fleet management, and time synchronization for telecommunications systems.GPS consists of satellites in medium Earth orbit, about 20,200 kilometers above the surface,...
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Poster - Thurs Eve-31: Clinical implementation and experience with EPID-based precision isocentre localization.

R Heaton1,2, J Smale1, B Norrlinger1

  • 1Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON.

Medical Physics
|May 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new technique using electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) accurately measures linear accelerator isocenter position for gantry, collimator, and table motions. This method enhances treatment precision by identifying deviations beyond 2mm, crucial for quality assurance.

Keywords:
CollimatorsImage analysisImage guided radiation therapyImage motion analysisKinematicsLinear acceleratorsMedical imagingRotation measurement

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Radiotherapy Technology

Background:

  • Modern linear accelerators utilize complex mechanical movements (gantry, collimator, table) defining multiple isocenters.
  • Traditional film-based and manual isocenter localization methods are time-consuming and struggle to correlate individual motion impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement an Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID)-based technique for precise isocenter localization.
  • To automatically assess isocenter position and motion relative to the mean for each treatment unit axis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a radio-opaque marker placed at the isocenter.
  • Acquired multiple MV images to track the marker's projected position.
  • Developed a MatLab code for automated image analysis and isocenter determination.

Main Results:

  • Measurements from 18 machines across two vendors and clinics showed mean isocenters within a 2mm sphere.
  • Identified instances where combined gantry, table, and collimator rotations resulted in treatment isocenters exceeding 2mm displacement.
  • Observed minor shifts in gantry-isocenter location post-equipment upgrade.

Conclusions:

  • The EPID-based technique provides efficient (<1 hour) and clinically relevant information on isocenter accuracy.
  • This method is vital for monitoring treatment unit performance and ensuring radiotherapy precision.
  • Automated isocenter analysis aids in quality assurance and identifying potential treatment deviations.