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Immune surveillance in melanoma: From immune attack to melanoma escape and even counterattack

Fade Mahmoud1, Bradley Shields2, Issam Makhoul1

  • 1a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA.

Cancer Biology & Therapy
|May 18, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Immunotherapy for melanoma shows promise, but resistance is a challenge. Understanding immune surveillance steps can reveal how melanoma evades treatment and guide strategies to overcome resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed death receptor-1 (PD1) has improved outcomes for metastatic melanoma.
  • However, intrinsic or acquired resistance to these immunotherapies remains a significant clinical hurdle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review immune surveillance mechanisms in melanoma.
  • To discuss how these mechanisms contribute to immunotherapy resistance.
  • To explore potential strategies for overcoming resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immune surveillance in melanoma.
  • Analysis of resistance mechanisms to CTLA4 and PD1 inhibitors.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Effective anti-melanoma immune surveillance involves T-lymphocyte activation, homing, tumor cell recognition, and apoptosis induction.
  • Melanoma cells can evade immune attack and develop resistance by interfering with any of these steps.
  • Multiple factors can disrupt immune surveillance, leading to intrinsic or acquired resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifaceted immune surveillance pathways is crucial for addressing melanoma immunotherapy resistance.
  • Targeting specific steps in immune evasion may offer novel therapeutic avenues.
  • Further research into overcoming resistance mechanisms is essential for improving patient outcomes.
Keywords:
ApoptosisCTLA4PD1immune surveillanceimmunotherapy resistancemelanoma

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