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Self-assembled nanofiber coatings for controlling cell responses.

Raquel C Barros1, Edith Gelens2, Erna Bulten2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|May 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The choice of materials in self-assembling nanofibers can control cell behavior. A specific hydrophilic nanofiber promoted cell growth and matrix formation while reducing fibrotic responses, showing potential for fibrosis research.

Keywords:
cellular stresscoatingepithelia-mesenchymal transitionfibrosisself-assembled nanofibers

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Nanofibers are widely believed to improve cell adhesion, growth, and function.
  • Controlling cell behavior through biomaterials is crucial for regenerative medicine and disease modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different self-assembling nanofiber characteristics influence cell behavior, specifically focusing on the fibrotic response.
  • To compare the effects of various 2D-coated nanofibers with standard cell culture materials like TCPS and collagen type I.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of three distinct self-assembling nanofibers varying in morphology, topography, and wettability.
  • Culturing lens epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells on these nanofibers and control surfaces.
  • Analysis of cell metabolic activity, morphology, and gene/protein expression related to fibrosis.

Main Results:

  • The most hydrophilic nanofiber, featuring a compact network of small fibers, enhanced cell proliferation and matrix formation.
  • This specific nanofiber significantly reduced fibrotic/stress markers across all tested cell lines compared to TCPS and collagen I.
  • The study demonstrated that nanofiber properties, not just structure, critically regulate cell behavior, potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Self-assembling nanofibers can be engineered to control cell behavior, offering a biomimetic platform for studying fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
  • The physico-chemical properties of nanofibers are key determinants of their interaction with cells, allowing for the modulation of cellular responses.
  • Nanofiber systems do not inherently enhance cell function; their effectiveness is contingent upon tailored design for specific biological applications.