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Updated: Mar 2, 2026
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Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis
Published on: January 7, 2019
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Effects of propolis on warfarin efficacy
Esin Akbay1, Çiğdem Özenirler1, Ömür Gençay Çelemli1
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Summary
Propolis consumption may alter warfarin's effectiveness, decreasing the international normalized ratio (INR). This interaction warrants further investigation and awareness among healthcare providers and patients using both substances.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Herbal Medicine Interactions
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics
Background:
- Warfarin is a key anticoagulant for preventing thromboembolism in cardiovascular diseases.
- Concurrent use of certain herbal products with warfarin is contraindicated due to potential interactions.
- Propolis, a bee-derived phytotherapy, is increasingly used, raising concerns about its safety with medications like warfarin.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the interaction between propolis and warfarin.
- To quantify the effect of propolis on warfarin's anticoagulant activity using international normalized ratio (INR) measurements in a mouse model.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a mouse model (CD-1 mice) for the study.
- Administered warfarin and propolis concurrently to the experimental group.
- Monitored international normalized ratio (INR) values to assess anticoagulant effect.
Main Results:
- Warfarin administration led to an expected increase in INR values.
- Concurrent propolis administration resulted in a lower INR (5.8 ±2.88) compared to the control group (7.28 ±1.08) after 72 hours.
- Propolis demonstrated an interaction with warfarin, leading to a reduction in INR values.
Conclusions:
- Propolis exhibits a significant interaction with warfarin, reducing its anticoagulant effect.
- Healthcare professionals should be informed about this potential interaction.
- Patients using warfarin should be advised about the risks associated with propolis consumption.
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