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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation01:19

Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation

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Similar to water, alcohols can add to the carbonyl carbon of the aldehydes and ketones. The addition of one molecule of alcohol to the carbonyl compound forms the hemiacetal or half acetal. As depicted below, in a hemiacetal, the carbon is directly linked to an OH and OR group.
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish
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Emerging concepts in alcoholic hepatitis.

Phoenix Fung1, Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos1

  • 1Phoenix Fung, Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.

World Journal of Hepatology
|May 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe alcoholic hepatitis poses a significant global health challenge with high mortality. Research explores novel therapies beyond abstinence and corticosteroids, including gut microbiota modulation and liver transplantation, to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Alcoholic hepatitisApoptosis inhibitorsExtracorporeal liver assist deviceGut microbiota modificationImmune modulation

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Severe alcoholic hepatitis is a major worldwide health issue with high morbidity and mortality rates, often exceeding 30-50% within one month.
  • Abstinence from alcohol is the primary treatment, while corticosteroids offer limited short-term survival benefits for selected patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and prognostic indicators of severe alcoholic hepatitis.
  • To focus on current and emerging therapeutic strategies for managing severe alcoholic hepatitis.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on severe alcoholic hepatitis.
  • It examines established treatments, risk factor identification, and novel therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Current treatments include alcohol abstinence and corticosteroids, with limited efficacy.
  • Emerging therapies involve gut microbiota modification, immune modulation, liver regeneration stimulation, and liver transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the complex pathophysiology is crucial for developing new treatments.
  • While liver transplantation is an option, organ scarcity presents challenges. Novel therapies show promise but require further investigation.