Simultaneous Intranasal/Intravascular Antibody Labeling of CD4⁺ T Cells in Mouse Lungs

CD4⁺ T cell responses have been shown to be protective in many respiratory virus infections. In the respiratory tract, CD4⁺ T cells include cells in the airway and parenchyma and cells adhering to the pulmonary vasculature. Here we discuss in detail the methods that are useful for characterizing CD4⁺ T cells in different anatomic locations in mouse lungs.