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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes
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Vaccines for the common cold.

Daniel Simancas-Racines1, Juan Va Franco2, Claudia V Guerra3

  • 1Cochrane Ecuador, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador.

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Current vaccines do not effectively prevent the common cold in healthy individuals. More high-quality research is needed to determine the efficacy and safety of common cold vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The common cold is a widespread, self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection.
  • Vaccine development is challenging due to viral variability and multiple causative agents.
  • Uncertainty exists regarding the effectiveness and safety of common cold prevention interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of vaccines for preventing the common cold in healthy populations.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing virus vaccines to placebo.
  • Searched multiple databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS) and trials registers up to February 2017.
  • Included one RCT from the 1960s with a high risk of bias.

Main Results:

  • The single included RCT (2307 participants) found no statistically significant difference in common cold incidence between adenovirus vaccine and placebo groups.
  • No adverse events were reported for the live vaccine.
  • The evidence quality was rated as low due to methodological limitations and wide confidence intervals.

Conclusions:

  • Limited evidence from one low-quality study does not support the use of vaccines for common cold prevention in healthy people.
  • Well-designed, adequately powered RCTs are needed to assess common cold vaccines.
  • Future research should focus on incidence, safety, and mortality outcomes for various virus vaccines.