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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
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Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
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Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

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Maternal age-dependent APC/C-mediated decrease in securin causes premature sister chromatid separation in meiosis II.

Ibtissem Nabti1,2,3, Rosanna Grimes2, Hema Sarna2

  • 1Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.

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Maternal aging reduces securin in oocytes, leading to premature sister chromatid separation and aneuploidy. Boosting securin or Mps1 kinase may protect against age-related infertility.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Meiotic Spindle Assessment in Mouse Oocytes by siRNA-mediated Silencing

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Cellular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sister chromatid cohesion is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis.
  • Maternal aging is associated with increased oocyte aneuploidy, often linked to premature sister chromatid separation (PSCS).
  • Securin regulates separase activity, controlling sister chromatid cohesion, while the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) pathway are key regulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related PSCS in oocytes.
  • To determine the role of securin, APC/C, and SAC in maternal aging and oocyte quality.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for mitigating age-related oocyte aneuploidy.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of securin levels in oocytes from young and aged mice.
  • Investigating the role of APC/C-mediated securin destruction during meiosis I (MI) exit.
  • Utilizing Mps1 kinase inhibition and overexpression in young oocytes to model age-related phenotypes.
  • Assessing the impact of securin and Mps1 manipulation on inter-sister kinetochore distance and PSCS.

Main Results:

  • Aged oocytes exhibit reduced securin levels compared to young oocytes.
  • Increased APC/C activity during MI exit in aged oocytes leads to enhanced securin degradation.
  • Inhibition of Mps1 during MI exit in young oocytes mimics the age-related PSCS phenotype.
  • Overexpression of securin or Mps1 ameliorates age-associated increases in inter-sister kinetochore distance and PSCS.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal aging disrupts the oocyte SAC-APC/C axis, causing securin depletion and subsequent loss of sister chromatid cohesion.
  • This securin reduction is a key factor in age-related oocyte aneuploidy.
  • Targeting the SAC-APC/C pathway or increasing securin levels presents potential therapeutic strategies for improving oocyte quality in aging women.