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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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SU-D-211-02: A Framework for 4pi Radiotherapy.

K Sheng^1,2, E Romeijn^1,2, P Dong^1,2

¹UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.

Medical Physics

|May 19, 2017

Summary

This study introduces a 4pi radiotherapy framework using robotic C-arm linacs for improved radiation dose conformity and organ sparing. The new method enhances treatment planning and delivery for various cancers, outperforming traditional methods.

Keywords:

Anatomy Collision theories Conformal radiation therapy Dosimetry Linear accelerators Multileaf collimators Radiation therapy Radiation treatment Robotics Sequence analysis

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Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Radiation Oncology
Radiotherapy Technology

Background:

Highly non-coplanar treatment angles can improve radiation dose conformity and organ sparing.
Challenges in implementing non-coplanar radiotherapy include solution space modeling, automated beam selection, beam sequencing, and collision prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a 4pi radiotherapy paradigm utilizing robotic C-arm linear accelerators.
To overcome technical limitations in automated planning and delivery of highly non-coplanar treatments.

Main Methods:

3D surface scanning for beam geometry solution space modeling.
Variable source-to-tumor distances and column generation for beam orientation and intensity modulation optimization.
Level set method for automatic beam sequencing to minimize treatment time and avoid collisions.

Main Results:

Accurate measurement of machine and patient surfaces created a cocoon-shaped solution space.
An average of 14 conformai beams were selected for optimal target coverage and organ sparing.
A 20% improvement in high dose spillage was observed compared to coplanar and manual non-coplanar plans across various cancer types.

Conclusions:

A framework for automated planning and delivery of highly non-coplanar radiotherapy on C-arm linacs has been established.
4pi plans demonstrate superior dosimetry compared to coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy plans.
The developed 4pi radiotherapy approach is highly deliverable and improves treatment outcomes.