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Summary

Red blood cells stored ex vivo accumulate lesions affecting cell metabolism and membrane integrity over time. These storage lesions, particularly evident after four weeks, can impact their effectiveness post-transfusion.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Red blood cells (RBCs) are stored in additive solutions for up to 42 days.
  • Ex vivo storage leads to RBC lesions, impacting post-transfusion recovery.
  • Understanding these lesions is crucial for optimizing blood storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor RBC metabolism, antioxidant capacity, morphology, and membrane dynamics during extended storage.
  • To identify key changes indicative of irreversible storage lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Weekly analysis of erythrocyte concentrates over 71 days.
  • Quantification of glucose, lactate, and glutathione levels.
  • Assessment of microvesiculation, hemolysis, and morphological changes using digital holographic microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Antioxidant power and glutathione peaked early, then declined, indicating oxidative stress.
  • Irreversible morphological changes (discocytes to spherocytes) began by week 5.
  • Microvesiculation and hemolysis increased exponentially after week 4.
  • Membrane fluctuations decreased during shape transitions.

Conclusions:

  • RBC storage leads to accumulating chemical and cellular lesions impacting in vivo recovery.
  • Significant changes occur after four weeks, aligning with clinical observations.
  • Donor variability influences the severity of storage-induced lesions.