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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia01:35

Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia

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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Impedance-based Real-time Measurement of Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion
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Impedance-based Real-time Measurement of Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion

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MO-C-BRCD-02: Physics of Cancer Cell Migration.

D Wirtz1

  • 1Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University.

Medical Physics
|May 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cellular functions critical to cancer metastasis, like adhesion and migration, differ between 2D cultures and 3D matrices. Focal adhesion proteins regulate these processes differently based on microenvironmental dimensionality in cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) in vitro systems are standard for studying cell adhesion and migration.
  • Physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) matrices exhibit different cell behavior compared to 2D cultures.
  • Focal adhesion proteins play a role in cell functions but their organization differs in 3D environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of focal adhesion proteins in cell migration and adhesion within 3D matrices.
  • To compare the function of focal adhesion proteins in 2D versus 3D microenvironments.
  • To elucidate the implications of microenvironmental dimensionality on cancer metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D crosslinked fibrillar collagen matrices.
Keywords:
CancerCell adhesionCell culturesCell migrationProteins

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  • Studied focal adhesion proteins including pl30Cas, FAK, Zyxin, Vinculin, Talin, and VASP.
  • Analyzed cell migration and protrusion activity in different dimensional contexts.

    • Main Results:

    • Cell migration and protrusion activity in 3D matrices are regulated by focal adhesion proteins.
    • The organization and function of focal adhesion proteins differ significantly between 2D and 3D environments.
    • Microenvironmental dimensionality influences focal adhesion protein-based cellular functions.

    Conclusions:

    • Cellular functions critical to cancer metastasis are dependent on the dimensionality of the microenvironment.
    • Understanding these differences is crucial for developing effective cancer metastasis therapies.
    • Focal adhesion proteins exhibit distinct roles in 2D and 3D cell migration.