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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

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Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
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Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

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Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples
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SU-E-T-12: Radiation Detector Responses to Applied Homogeneous Transverse and Parallel Magnetic Fields.

M Reynolds1, S Rathee1, S Vidakovic1

  • 1Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB.

Medical Physics
|May 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diamond detectors and ion chambers show altered responses in MR-linac magnetic fields. A correction factor is needed for transverse fields, but parallel fields < 1T have minimal impact on dosimetry.

Keywords:
DiamondDosimetryElectromagnetic radiation detectorsIon beam detectorsIonization chambersMagnetic field sensorsMagnetic fieldsParticle beam detectorsRadiation detectorsScience funding

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Dosimetry

Background:

  • Integrated magnetic resonance (MR)-linear accelerator (linac) systems offer advanced cancer treatment capabilities.
  • Accurate dosimetry is critical for effective radiotherapy, but magnetic fields in MR-linacs can affect detector performance.
  • Existing dosimetry protocols need evaluation and refinement for these novel clinical environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the relative dose response of a diamond detector and an ion chamber in a clinical photon beam under uniform magnetic fields.
  • To evaluate and refine reference dosimetry techniques for integrated MR-linac systems.
  • To determine the impact of magnetic field strength and orientation on detector readings.

Main Methods:

  • Monte Carlo simulations using PENELOPE modeled a diamond detector (PTW60003) and an ion chamber (PR06) in a 6MV photon beam.
  • Simulations covered magnetic field strengths from 0 to 1.5T, with parallel and transverse orientations relative to the beam central axis.
  • Detector orientations (perpendicular and parallel to the beam) were simulated, and experimental validation was performed up to 0.2T transverse fields.

Main Results:

  • Simulated and experimental results for both detectors showed good agreement.
  • In transverse magnetic fields, detector response varied up to ±8.5% for the ion chamber and >9% for the diamond detector.
  • In parallel magnetic fields, detector response was largely insensitive, with a maximum change of 2% for the ion chamber at 1.5T.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetic field-dependent correction factors are necessary for dosimetry in MR-linac systems, particularly for transverse field orientations.
  • Detector response changes in parallel magnetic fields < 1T are minimal and can likely be disregarded for dosimetry protocols.
  • This research is vital for establishing reliable dosimetry in advanced MR-linac radiotherapy.