[Novelties in the treatment of heart failure]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent clinical syndrome characterized by cardiac insufficiency.
• Its incidence increases with age, affecting a significant portion of the elderly population.
• Growing prevalence necessitates novel therapeutic strategies to enhance patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current diagnostic modalities for heart failure, including emerging biomarkers.
• To concentrate on innovations in both chronic and acute pharmacological treatments for HF.
• To provide an overview of non-pharmacological therapeutic options for heart failure management.

Main Methods:

• Review of up-to-date clinical guidelines and recent preclinical studies.
• Focus on novel diagnostic markers such as soluble ST2 and FSTL1.
• Examination of innovative pharmacological agents like ARNI, gliflozins, ivabradine, ularitide, serelaxin, and nesiritide.

Main Results:

• Discussion of advanced diagnostic approaches for heart failure.
• Highlighting new pharmacological treatments for chronic HF (e.g., sacubitril-valsartan) and acute HF.
• Overview of non-pharmacological interventions including cardiac contraction modulation and device support.

Conclusions:

• Emerging diagnostic tools and therapeutic innovations offer improved management strategies for heart failure.
• Pharmacological advancements include ARNI, gliflozins, and others for chronic and acute HF.
• Non-pharmacological options and device support are crucial components of comprehensive HF care.