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Updated: Mar 2, 2026
Determining Bile Duct Density in the Mouse Liver
Published on: April 30, 2019
Predictors of bile tree pathology in patients presenting with gallbladder disease
Mahmoud A Rahal1, Mohammad O Rammal, Walid Karaoui
1Departments of aInternal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology bSurgery cBiostatistics Unit, Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Background:
Patients with gallstone disease can present with elevated liver function tests (LFTs). It is often challenging to differentiate those with a common bile duct (CBD) stone from those without a CBD stone on the basis of the LFTs levels. In this study, we aim to evaluate the predictors of a CBD stones among patients presenting with symptomatic gallbladder disease and elevated LFTs.
Patients And Methods:
We retrospectively examined all patients who had undergone a cholecystectomy between January 2010 and December 2015. Patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis and increased LFTs were included. Patient characteristics, imaging findings, lab findings, endoscopic interventions, and operative report were recorded and evaluated. The diagnosis of CBD stones was made on the basis of ERCP and IOC findings.
Results:
We included 354 patients in the final analysis. Of these, 113 (32%) had confirmed choledocholithiasis. The prevalence of CBD stones among biliary colic, acute cholecystitis, and pancreatitis patients was 47, 25, and 26%, respectively. γ-Glutamyl transferase and direct bilirubin had the highest sensitivities for CBD stones among these patients (83 vs. 79%). In the setting of biliary colic, total bilirubin was highly predictive of CBD stones with a positive predictive value of 85%. In the setting of acute cholecystitis, elevated LFTs were even less significant in predicting stones, with a positive predictive value of less than 40% for most.
Conclusion:
Although γ-glutamyl transferase and bilirubin levels showed a relatively higher sensitivity for CBDS compared with the other LFTs, these were not reliable enough because of high false-positive as well as false-negative values, especially in patients presenting with acute cholecystitis.
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