Work function characterization of directionally solidified LaB₆-VB₂ eutectic

With its low work function and high mechanical strength, the LaB₆/VB₂ eutectic system is an interesting candidate for high performance thermionic emitters. For the development of device applications, it is important to understand the origin, value, and spatial distribution of the work function in this system. Here we combine thermal emission electron microscopy and low energy electron microscopy with Auger electron spectroscopy and physical vapor deposition of the constituent elements to explore physical and chemical conditions governing the work function of these surfaces. Our results include the observation that work function is lower (and emission intensity is higher) on VB₂ inclusions than on the LaB₆ matrix. We also observe that the deposition of atomic monolayer doses of vanadium results in surprisingly significant lowering of the work function with values as low as 1.1eV.