Effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular risk factors among morbidly obese patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.

We analyzed prospectively collected data of patients operated for morbid obesity who were qualified for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass (LRYGB). Risk factors for wyłączecardiovascular diseases were assessed with the SCORE scale and both full and hard Framingham cardiovascular risk scores (FCRs). The data were collected on admission and one year after the procedures. We enrolled 264 patients (119 females, 116 males, 40.2±9.9 years old), of whom 117 underwent LRYGB and 118 LSG, respectively.

Preoperatively, 12% of patients were in the high-risk category of the SCORE scale, 65% were in the moderate risk category, and 24% were in the low-risk category. The median score of the SCORE scale was 1 (1-2). Lipid-based full FCR was 34.5% (24%-68%) and the hard FCR was 17.5% (10%-52%), while the respective BMI-based FCRs were 59% (31%-84%) and 37% (15%-67%). One year after the procedures, the mean %EBMIL (62.88%±20.02%) and %EWL (53.18%±15.87) were comparable between both procedures. Hypertension treatment was not necessary in 33 patients after LSG and in 55 after LRYGB. Diabetes mellitus remitted in 9 and 29 patients, respectively. Both procedures significantly reduced high and moderate risk prevalence in the SCORE scale in favor of the low risk category. Surgical interventions resulted in significant reductions of FCRs 1 year after surgery ( p<0.001).

Both LSG and LRYGB lead to a significant and comparable body mass reduction. Both procedures significantly decrease of the risk of cardiovascular diseases, based on SCORE and Framingham scales.