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Multitrophic Effects of Belowground Parasitoid Learning.

Denis S Willett1, Hans T Alborn2, Lukasz L Stelinski3

  • 1Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA. denis.willett@ars.usda.gov.

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|May 20, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Learning in entomopathogenic nematodes influences their hosts, other nematodes, and fungal predators. This social behavior amplifies plant defenses, nearly doubling insect herbivore infections by these beneficial nematodes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Soil Biology

Background:

  • Organisms learn to exploit environmental opportunities.
  • Belowground ecosystems involve complex interactions between nematodes, fungi, and insects.
  • Plant defense signaling plays a role in mediating these interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multitrophic effects of learning in entomopathogenic nematodes.
  • To quantify the impact of social behavioral plasticity on host-parasite dynamics.
  • To understand the interplay between plant signaling and nematode behavior in regulating soil communities.

Main Methods:

  • Quantifying multitrophic effects of nematode learning.
  • Assessing social behavioral plasticity in entomopathogenic nematodes.
  • Measuring the amplification of plant defense pathways.
  • Evaluating changes in insect herbivore infection rates.

Main Results:

  • Nematode learning causes cascading effects on hosts, other nematodes, and fungal predators.
  • Social behavioral plasticity amplifies plant defense signaling.
  • Insect herbivore infection by entomopathogenic nematodes nearly doubles due to these effects.

Conclusions:

  • Plant signaling is critical for regulating soil community structure.
  • Behavioral plasticity in soil organisms significantly shapes community dynamics.
  • Learning in entomopathogenic nematodes has substantial ecological consequences.