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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Hindsight Biases01:12

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

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Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
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Related Experiment Video

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An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
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Modeling risky decision-making in nonhuman animals: shared core features.

Sarah R Heilbronner1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 711, Rochester, NY 14642.

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
|May 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Studying risky decision-making in animal models helps understand psychiatric disorders and addiction. Despite species differences, core features of risk preference are conserved, making these models valuable for research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Understanding the neural basis of risky decision-making is crucial for treating psychiatric disorders, problem gambling, and drug addiction.
  • Nonhuman animal models, such as rhesus macaques, rats, and mice, are essential for investigating these neurobiological mechanisms.
  • While risk preferences vary across species, core decision-making features are shared.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the feasibility and utility of using nonhuman animal models to study the neural mechanisms of risky decision-making.
  • To identify conserved features of risky decision-making across different species.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a wide variety of behavioral paradigms to assess risky decision-making.
  • Compared risk preferences and their modulators across different species, including humans, rhesus macaques, rats, and mice.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that modulators of risk preference observed in humans can be replicated in animal models.
  • Identified shared core features of risky decision-making despite interspecies variations in specific risk preferences.

Conclusions:

  • Risky decision-making is a fundamental aspect of reward-guided behavior that can be effectively modeled across species.
  • Animal models provide a feasible platform for dissecting the neurobiological underpinnings of risky decision-making, informing treatments for related human conditions.