Synergistic Phase and Disorder Engineering in 1T-MoSe₂ Nanosheets for Enhanced Hydrogen-Evolution Reaction

MoSe₂ is a promising earth-abundant electrocatalyst for the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER), even though it has received much less attention among the layered dichalcogenide (MX₂ ) materials than MoS₂ so far. Here, a novel hydrothermal-synthesis strategy is presented to achieve simultaneous and synergistic modulation of crystal phase and disorder in partially crystallized 1T-MoSe₂ nanosheets to dramatically enhance their HER catalytic activity. Careful structural characterization and defect characterization using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy correlated with electrochemical measurements show that the formation of the 1T phase under a large excess of the NaBH₄ reductant during synthesis can effectively improve the intrinsic activity and conductivity, and the disordered structure from a lower reaction temperature can provide abundant unsaturated defects as active sites. Such synergistic effects lead to superior HER catalytic activity with an overpotential of 152 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for the electrocatalytic current density of j = -10 mA cm^-2 , and a Tafel slope of 52 mV dec^-1 . This work paves a new pathway for improving the catalytic activity of MoSe₂ and generally MX₂ -based electrocatalysts via a synergistic modulation strategy.