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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
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Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

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[Next generation sequencing].

M Le Mercier1, N D'Haene1, S Rorive1

  • 1Hôpital Erasme Laboratoire D'Anatomie Pathologique, Route de Lennik 808, Bruxelles, Belgium.

Revue Medicale De Bruxelles
|May 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is standard for thyroid nodules, but indeterminate results occur in 15-30% of cases. New molecular markers show promise for improving diagnostic accuracy in these challenging cases.

Keywords:
Fine needle aspirationMolecular profileNext generation sequencingThyroid nodules

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Cytopathology

Background:

  • Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the primary diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules.
  • A significant proportion (15-30%) of FNA results are indeterminate, necessitating further investigation, often surgery.
  • Current diagnostic methods face limitations in accurately classifying indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of novel molecular markers in enhancing the diagnostic precision of indeterminate thyroid nodules.
  • To explore new strategies for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules when cytology is inconclusive.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on thyroid nodule diagnostics.
  • Analysis of the role of molecular markers in cytological interpretation.
  • Investigation of diagnostic algorithms for indeterminate thyroid cytology.

Main Results:

  • Indeterminate thyroid cytology poses a significant diagnostic challenge.
  • Molecular markers offer a promising avenue to improve diagnostic accuracy.
  • Integration of molecular data can potentially reduce unnecessary surgeries.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular markers represent a significant advancement in the diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid nodules.
  • These markers can aid in more precise risk stratification and personalized patient management.
  • Further research is warranted to fully integrate molecular testing into clinical practice for thyroid nodules.