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Exploiting ROS and metabolic differences to kill cisplatin resistant lung cancer.

Medhi Wangpaichitr1,2, Chunjing Wu1, Ying Ying Li3

  • 1Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, FL, USA.

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|May 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells exhibit increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolic shifts. The drug riluzole targets these cells by impacting NAD+ and lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA), offering a potential new treatment strategy.

Keywords:
lung canceroxidative metabolismreactive oxygen speciesresistanceriluzole

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Cisplatin resistance is a significant challenge in lung cancer therapy.
  • Cisplatin-resistant (CR) lung cancer cells share increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolic reprogramming.
  • CR cells shift from glycolysis to oxidative metabolism, relying heavily on glutamine uptake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in lung cancer.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for overcoming cisplatin resistance.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of riluzole in targeting CR lung cancer cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of metabolic profiles in CR lung cancer cells.
  • In vitro and in vivo studies using riluzole to treat CR cells.
  • Investigation of the roles of NAD+, LDHA, and glutathione in CR cell survival and response to riluzole.

Main Results:

  • CR cells exhibit increased ROS and rely on oxidative metabolism, with heightened glutamine dependency.
  • Riluzole selectively kills CR cells by further increasing oxidative stress, independent of glutathione suppression.
  • Riluzole decreases NAD+ and LDHA expression, exacerbating ROS levels in CR cells.
  • NAD+ supplementation reverses riluzole-induced cell death, highlighting its critical role.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic reprogramming in CR lung cancer cells presents a viable therapeutic vulnerability.
  • Riluzole demonstrates dual-targeting potential by suppressing LDHA and potentially blocking the xCT antiporter.
  • Repurposing riluzole is a promising strategy for treating cisplatin-resistant lung cancer.