Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

81
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
81
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

65
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
65
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

53
Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
53
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

68
Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
68
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

60
The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
60
Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes01:28

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

53
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450...
53

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Use of Dexmedetomidine With Dexamethasone for Extended Pain Relief in Adductor Canal/Popliteal Nerve Block During Achilles Tendon Repair.

Cureus·2021
Same author

A comprehensive review of the treatment and management of Charcot spine.

Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease·2021
Same author

Declining Utilization and Inflation-Adjusted Expenditures for Epidural Procedures in Chronic Spinal Pain in the Medicare Population.

Pain physician·2021
Same author

Declining Utilization Patterns of Percutaneous Adhesiolysis Procedures in the Fee-For-Service (FFS) Medicare Population.

Pain physician·2021
Same author

Is Epidural Injection of Sodium Chloride Solution a True Placebo or an Active Control Agent? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pain physician·2021
Same author

Treatment and Management of Twelfth Rib Syndrome: A Best Practices Comprehensive Review.

Pain physician·2021
Same journal

Outpatient Anesthesia in 2026: Scaling Care, Advancing Safety, Shaping the Future.

Anesthesiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Ambulatory Anesthesia: How Far Can We Go?

Anesthesiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Perioperative Management of Patients on Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: Clinical Considerations for Anesthesiologists.

Anesthesiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Applying the 2024 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cardiac Evaluation and Managment of Patients Having Noncardiac Surgeries in an Ambulatory Setting.

Anesthesiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Comprehensive Review of Office-Based Anesthesia Safety 2026 for the Next Generation.

Anesthesiology clinics·2026
Same journal

A Contemporary Review on Health Care Disparities in Pediatric Ambulatory Anesthesia.

Anesthesiology clinics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
08:49

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

14.6K

Pharmacogenomics in Anesthesia.

Ramsey Saba1, Alan D Kaye2, Richard D Urman1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Anesthesiology Clinics
|May 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individual genetic differences cause varied responses to common anesthesia drugs, impacting patient outcomes. Understanding pharmacogenomics enables personalized anesthesia for improved results and patient satisfaction.

Keywords:
AlleleGeneticsGenotypeHeterozygousHomozygousPharmacogenomicsPhenotypePolymorphismsSingle-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)

More Related Videos

The Serial Anesthesia Array for the High-Throughput Investigation of Volatile Agents Using Drosophila melanogaster
06:27

The Serial Anesthesia Array for the High-Throughput Investigation of Volatile Agents Using Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: February 24, 2023

1.1K
A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development
07:02

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

Published on: February 11, 2019

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
08:49

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

14.6K
The Serial Anesthesia Array for the High-Throughput Investigation of Volatile Agents Using Drosophila melanogaster
06:27

The Serial Anesthesia Array for the High-Throughput Investigation of Volatile Agents Using Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: February 24, 2023

1.1K
A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development
07:02

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

Published on: February 11, 2019

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Cardiovascular Surgery

Background:

  • Commonly administered anesthetic medications, including neuromuscular blockers, opioids, local anesthetics, and inhalation anesthetics, exhibit significant interpatient variability in clinical effects.
  • This variability can influence patient outcomes, particularly cardiovascular outcomes following cardiac surgery.
  • These pharmacologic interactions occur across the perioperative period and may affect specific organ systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of individual genetic makeup on anesthetic drug responses.
  • To emphasize the potential of pharmacogenomics in predicting perioperative outcomes.
  • To advocate for the integration of pharmacogenomic insights into anesthetic practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pharmacogenomics in anesthesia.
  • Analysis of interpatient variability in drug response.
  • Correlation of genetic factors with perioperative cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Significant interpatient variability exists for major anesthetic drug classes.
  • Individual genetic profiles can predict cardiovascular outcomes in cardiac surgery patients.
  • Pharmacogenomic interactions are relevant throughout the perioperative period.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacogenomics offers a pathway to personalized anesthetic strategies.
  • Tailored anesthetics can lead to improved patient outcomes, reduced hospital stays, and enhanced satisfaction.
  • Further research into pharmacogenomics is crucial for optimizing anesthetic care.