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Ketorolac, Oxymorphone, Tapentadol, and Tramadol: A Comprehensive Review
Nalini Vadivelu1, Daniel Chang1, Erik M Helander2
1Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208051, New Haven, CT 06520-8051, USA.
Abstract:
Pain remains a tremendous burden on patients and for the health care system, with uncontrolled pain being the leading cause of disability in this country. There are a variety of medications that can be used in the treatment of pain, including ketorolac, oxymorphone, tapentadol, and tramadol. Depending on the clinical situation, these drugs can be used as monotherapy or in conjunction with other types of medications in a multimodal approach. A strong appreciation of pharmacologic properties of these agents and potential side effects is warranted for clinicians.
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