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Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure

Michael Lehrke1, Nikolaus Marx1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, Germany.

The American Journal of Medicine
|May 21, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Heart failure is common and has a worse prognosis in patients with diabetes. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors like empagliflozin show promise in reducing heart failure hospitalizations for these individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) prevalence is high in diabetes patients, with a poorer prognosis compared to non-diabetic individuals.
  • Diabetic cardiomyopathy contributes to HF, independent of coronary artery disease and traditional risk factors.
  • Emerging evidence highlights complex pathophysiological links between diabetes and cardiac dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on the prevalence and prognosis of heart failure in patients with diabetes.
  • To explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic heart disease.
  • To summarize therapeutic strategies for managing heart failure in the context of diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiologic and clinical data from the past two decades.
  • Analysis of experimental data on cardiac function in diabetes.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial results, including the impact of empagliflozin.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence and worse outcomes of heart failure in patients with diabetes.
  • Identification of multiple mechanisms contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy.
  • Demonstration that sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin) reduce heart failure hospitalizations in high-risk type 2 diabetes patients.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes significantly worsens heart failure outcomes.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology is crucial for targeted therapies.
  • Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy for reducing heart failure burden in diabetic populations.

Keywords:
Cardiac functionEjection fractionHeart failureSodium glucose cotransporter 2Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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