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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Children
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Prevalence of early repolarisation pattern in children.

Philippe Maury1, Céline Authenac2, Anne Rollin2

  • 1University Hospital Rangueil, Toulouse, France; Unité Inserm U 1048, Toulouse, France.

International Journal of Cardiology
|May 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Early repolarisation (ER) affects nearly a quarter of children, with prevalence increasing after age eight. This common ECG pattern is linked to non-Caucasian origin and slower heart rates in children.

Keywords:
ECGEarly repolarisationJ wavePediatricsSokolow

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Electrocardiography
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The prevalence of the early repolarisation (ER) ECG pattern is well-documented in adults.
  • Data on ER prevalence in large, unselected pediatric populations is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of the early repolarisation (ER) ECG pattern in a large cohort of healthy children.
  • To investigate correlations between ER and various demographic and physiological factors in children.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective ECG recording and analysis of 1000 healthy children aged 0-17 years.
  • ER defined by J point elevation (≥0.1mV) in contiguous inferior or lateral leads.
  • Correlations assessed with age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity, Sokolow index, and heart rate.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of the ER pattern was 23.6% (95% CI 21-26.2%) in the studied children.
  • ER prevalence increased significantly after 8 years of age.
  • ER was independently correlated with non-Caucasian origin, higher Sokolow index, older age (in children with heart rate <100bpm), and slower heart rate (in children ≥8 years).

Conclusions:

  • The early repolarisation (ER) ECG pattern is common in children, affecting approximately a quarter of the pediatric population.
  • ER in children is associated with ethnic background, older age, slower heart rate, and a higher Sokolow index.
  • These findings highlight the need to consider these factors when interpreting the ER pattern in pediatric electrocardiograms.