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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
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Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry UPLC-MS
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Essential hypertension: A filtered serum based metabolomics study.

Keerti Ameta1, Ashish Gupta2, Sudeep Kumar3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.

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|May 21, 2017
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Summary

Essential hypertension (EH) screening is often missed. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics identified key biomarkers in serum, aiding in early detection and diagnosis of hypertension.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolomics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Essential hypertension (EH) often presents with delayed symptoms, complicating early detection despite reliable blood pressure measurement methods.
  • Understanding the biochemical alterations in EH is crucial for elucidating its mechanistic aspects.
  • Current diagnostic approaches may benefit from complementary biochemical screening methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biochemical profile of essential hypertension using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • To identify specific metabolites that can serve as biomarkers for EH.
  • To evaluate the potential of NMR-based metabolomics as an alternative diagnostic tool for hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples from 64 EH patients and 59 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed using 800 MHz NMR spectroscopy.
  • Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), were applied to the NMR data.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of identified metabolites.

Main Results:

  • NMR metabolomics revealed significantly perturbed levels of alanine, arginine, methionine, pyruvate, adenine, and uracil in EH patients compared to HC.
  • The identified set of metabolites achieved 99% classification accuracy between EH cases and healthy controls.
  • These metabolic biomarkers demonstrated excellent correlation in both isolated elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and combined elevated systolic-diastolic blood pressure cases.

Conclusions:

  • Proton NMR metabolomics effectively distinguishes EH patients from healthy individuals.
  • Specific metabolites identified can serve as potential biomarkers for essential hypertension.
  • NMR-based metabolomics offers a promising avenue for developing an alternative diagnostic tool for EH, complementing clinical assessments.