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Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

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Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Purification and Transplantation of Myogenic Progenitor Cell Derived Exosomes to Improve Cardiac Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophic Mice

Purification and Transplantation of Myogenic Progenitor Cell Derived Exosomes to Improve Cardiac Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophic Mice

Published on: April 10, 2019

Exosomes in Cardiovascular Medicine.

¹School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. iain.dykes@bristol.ac.uk.

Cardiology and Therapy

|May 21, 2017

Summary

Exosomes, tiny vesicles carrying micro-RNAs, are key to cell communication in cardiovascular disease. These particles show promise for diagnosing and treating heart conditions like myocardial infarction.

Keywords:

Acute myocardial infarction Biomarker Cardiovascular disease Circulating micro-RNA Drug delivery Exosome Micro RNA Nanoparticle Stem cell therapy Troponin

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Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Purification and Transplantation of Myogenic Progenitor Cell Derived Exosomes to Improve Cardiac Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophic Mice

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Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Murine Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Using an Ultrafiltration Centrifugation Technique

Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Murine Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Using an Ultrafiltration Centrifugation Technique

Published on: November 9, 2018

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

Exosomes mediate intercellular communication via cytosolic cargo transfer, including micro-RNA.
Exosome-derived signaling is implicated in cardiovascular injury and disease, though poorly understood.
Micro-RNAs in circulation, protected from degradation, offer potential as disease biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the potential applications of exosomes in cardiovascular medicine.
To highlight exosome utility in diagnostics and therapeutics, using myocardial infarction as a model.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on exosome biology and cardiovascular applications.
Analysis of exosome-mediated micro-RNA transfer and signaling pathways.
Evaluation of exosome-based diagnostics and cell-free therapeutics.

Main Results:

Exosomes facilitate gene expression modification in target cells through micro-RNA transfer.
Circulating exosomal micro-RNAs can serve as specific and rapid diagnostic biomarkers.
Stem cell-derived exosomes represent a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular repair.

Conclusions:

Exosomes hold significant potential for advancing cardiovascular diagnostics and therapeutics.
Exosome engineering offers targeted drug delivery and immune evasion capabilities.
Cell-free therapies using exosomes may overcome limitations of traditional stem cell treatments.