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Imaging theory for the ISTEM imaging mode.

Florian F Krause1, Andreas Rosenauer1, Dirk Van Dyck2

  • 1Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.

Ultramicroscopy
|May 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new analytical model simplifies image formation analysis in imaging scanning transmission electron microscopy (ISTEM). It reveals ISTEM

Keywords:
ISTEMImage formationImaging STEMIncoherent imagingResolutionScherzer conditions

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) faces limitations in resolution and contrast under certain conditions.
  • Imaging scanning transmission electron microscopy (ISTEM) offers potential advantages by combining scanning illumination with conventional imaging.
  • A detailed understanding of image formation in ISTEM is crucial for optimizing its performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple yet accurate analytical model for image formation in ISTEM.
  • To elucidate the contributions of linear and nonlinear terms to the ISTEM image intensity.
  • To compare the advantages of ISTEM over CTEM and determine optimal imaging conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an analytical model based on object function approximation.
  • Decomposition of ISTEM intensity into constant, linear, and nonlinear terms.
  • Analysis of point spread functions for linear and nonlinear term formation.
  • Validation of the model through comparison with multislice simulations.
  • Investigation of the linear coherent contrast transfer function.

Main Results:

  • The ISTEM intensity can be accurately modeled by separating it into constant, linear, and nonlinear components.
  • Under specific conditions, both linear and nonlinear terms can be described by convolutions with point spread functions.
  • The model provides insights into ISTEM's advantages over CTEM, particularly regarding resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.
  • Optimal imaging conditions for maximum resolution were derived.
  • ISTEM demonstrates robustness against temporal incoherence.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed analytical model accurately describes ISTEM image formation.
  • ISTEM offers significant advantages over CTEM, especially in achieving high resolution.
  • The model facilitates the determination of optimal imaging parameters for ISTEM applications.