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Comparative analysis of five related Staphylococcal plasmids.

S J Projan1, R Novick

  • 1Public Health Research Institute, New York, New York 10016.

Plasmid
|May 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

The pT181 family of staphylococcal plasmids share similar replication mechanisms and organization, despite differing incompatibility groups. Their conserved "cassette" regions suggest modular assembly for diverse resistance traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The pT181 plasmid family consists of five small, multicopy staphylococcal plasmids, including pT181, pS194, pC221, pC223, and pUB112.
  • These plasmids, despite belonging to different incompatibility groups, exhibit conserved basic replicons, copy control mechanisms, and overall structural organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the genomic organization of the pT181 plasmid family.
  • To investigate the functional conservation and modularity of plasmid replication, resistance, and relaxation complex regions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of five staphylococcal plasmids from the pT181 family.
  • Sequence analysis to determine homology and conservation of replication proteins and origins.
  • In vivo complementation assays to assess functional interactions between replication proteins and origins.

Main Results:

  • All five plasmids encode homologous replication proteins (Rep) with high amino acid identity, initiating replication via site-specific nicking.
  • Despite Rep homology, cross-complementation was not observed in vivo, indicating sequence-specific interactions.
  • Resistance determinants are consistently located downstream of the replication protein gene and transcribed in the same direction.
  • Three plasmids form related relaxation complexes, while the other two are homologous and encode a site-specific recombinase (Pre).

Conclusions:

  • The pT181 plasmid family exhibits conserved genomic organization with modular "cassette"-like regions for replication, resistance, and relaxation.
  • These conserved segments are assembled in various combinations, maintaining a consistent spatial arrangement.
  • This modularity facilitates the evolution and dissemination of diverse antibiotic resistance traits among staphylococci.

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