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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy
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Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy

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Herpesvirus Nuclear Egress.

Richard J Roller1, Joel D Baines2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.

Advances in Anatomy, Embryology, and Cell Biology
|May 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpesviruses transport viral capsids from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by crossing the nuclear envelope. Recent research clarifies viral and cellular protein roles in this complex herpesvirus assembly and egress mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Herpesviruses complete virion assembly in the cytoplasm after nuclear capsid formation.
  • Nuclear egress of viral capsids across the nuclear envelope is essential for herpesvirus replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advances in understanding herpesvirus nuclear egress.
  • To contextualize new findings on viral and cellular protein functions in capsid transport.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on herpesvirus nuclear egress.
  • Analysis of viral and cellular protein interactions during nuclear envelope transit.

Main Results:

  • Advances in understanding the membrane budding mechanism for capsid envelopment and de-envelopment.
  • Clarification of roles for specific viral and cellular factors in nuclear egress.
  • Identification of key steps involving nuclear membrane architecture alteration and capsid selection.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in elucidating herpesvirus nuclear egress mechanisms.
  • Gaps remain in understanding the precise orchestration of viral and cellular factors during capsid transport across the nuclear envelope.