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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Immunogenomics: using genomics to personalize cancer immunotherapy.

Rance C Siniard1, Shuko Harada2

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, NP3540, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA.

Virchows Archiv : an International Journal of Pathology
|May 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Genomic data integration with next-generation sequencing (NGS) advances personalized cancer therapy. This approach enhances immune checkpoint blockade efficacy by identifying biomarkers and guiding individualized immunotherapy strategies for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
CTLA-4Cancer immunotherapyImmune checkpoint inhibitorImmunogenomicsNext-generation sequencingPD-1PD-L1

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Genomic data offers potential for personalized cancer care, moving beyond single-gene mutations.
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has significantly advanced oncology understanding.
  • T cell-mediated cancer progression mechanisms link to immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review the integration of genomic data into immunotherapy.
  • Discuss progress in identifying biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade.
  • Explore the application of these therapies in modern oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of evidence from the past decade.
  • Analysis of genomic data in the context of host-tumor interactions.
  • Examination of FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Genomic data aids in understanding tumor heterogeneity and developing personalized therapies.
  • Biomarker identification is crucial for effective immune checkpoint blockade.
  • Approved therapies include CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • NGS-guided personalized oncology can involve dose monitoring, individualized vaccines, and tailored therapies.
  • Identifying neoantigens and mobilizing tumor-reactive lymphocytes are key for advancing immunotherapy.
  • Integrating genomic data with immunotherapy promises improved clinical outcomes.