Brown adipose tissue and lipid metabolism imaging

Area of Science:

• Metabolic imaging
• Brown adipose tissue research
• Obesity and metabolic disease research

Background:

• Brown adipose tissue (BAT) research has transitioned from an overlooked area to a rapidly advancing field.
• Its potential therapeutic properties for obesity and related diseases make it a significant focus for molecular imaging tracers.
• Beyond 18F-FDG PET/CT, various methods are being developed to better detect and measure BAT metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review imaging modalities for brown adipose tissue (BAT) assessment.
• To elucidate the mechanisms of BAT and its quantitative role in whole-body lipid and energy metabolism.
• To highlight the importance of lipid turnover measurement in active BAT.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of publications on brown adipose tissue and lipid metabolism imaging.
• Introduction of diverse imaging approaches for BAT.
• Presentation of promising BAT tracers.

Main Results:

• Radiolabeled and fluorescent fatty acids, labeled particles, 3H-Triolein, and ADIFAB staining provide insights into fatty acid utilization and BAT activation.
• Non-invasive CT and MRI scans complement these techniques.
• These methods allow for in vivo and in vitro assessment of BAT activity.

Conclusions:

• Lipid metabolism imaging provides a window into previously unknown BAT metabolic activities.
• This approach is crucial for fully understanding BAT's role in overall lipid and energy balance.
• Further research is needed to fully clarify the mechanisms and quantitative contribution of BAT.