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Coevolution of patch-type dependent emigration and patch-type dependent immigration.

Helene C Weigang1

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dispersal strategies evolve based on patch type, with coevolving emigration and immigration leading to complex outcomes. Some strategies involve counterintuitive full emigration and immigration into specific patch types.

Keywords:
Adaptive dynamicsDispersalEvolutionary branchingKin competitionSettlement

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Dispersal models often lack patch-type dependencies for emigration and immigration.
  • Understanding the interplay between dispersal phases (emigration, transfer, immigration) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the coevolution of patch-type dependent emigration and immigration.
  • Explore the evolution of complex dispersal strategies in a two-patch landscape.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an extended Hamilton-May model.
  • Employed the adaptive dynamics approach to analyze a four-dimensional trait vector.
  • Conducted stochastic simulations to validate numerical predictions.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct dispersal strategies can evolve, including a counterintuitive strategy of full emigration and immigration into one patch type.
  • Evolutionary branching occurs, leading to the coexistence of specialized (high-output patch immigration) and generalist (any patch immigration) strategies.
  • Coevolutionary constraints on emigration can hinder diversification compared to immigration evolving alone.

Conclusions:

  • Patch-type dependent dispersal decisions are critical for realistic ecological models.
  • The coevolution of emigration and immigration can lead to novel and complex dispersal strategies.
  • Evolutionary diversification can be constrained by the coevolution of multi-dimensional traits.