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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
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Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

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Comparative transcriptomic analysis identifies reprogramming and differentiation genes differentially expressed in

Liang Shi1,2, Yazhou Cui2, Xiaoyan Zhou2

  • 1School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences.

Bioscience Trends
|May 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Urinary induced pluripotent stem cells (UiPSCs) show gene expression differences compared to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These findings suggest UiPSCs may offer unique pathways for disease modeling and regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
Urinary iPSCsembryonic stem cellstranscriptome

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Genomics
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have therapeutic potential.
  • Urinary induced pluripotent stem cells (UiPSCs) are similar to ESCs but their gene expression profiles require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the gene expression profiles of UiPSCs and ESCs.
  • To identify differentially expressed genes between UiPSCs and ESCs.
  • To validate key genes involved in reprogramming and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Microarray technology to analyze gene expression profiles.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for gene validation.

Main Results:

  • Identified 19 differentially expressed genes between UiPSCs and ESCs.
  • Validated four key genes: NNAT, PIWIL2, EGR1, and TAF9B.
  • UiPSCs exhibit distinct reprogramming and differentiation pathways compared to ESCs.

Conclusions:

  • UiPSCs present a different gene expression profile than ESCs.
  • UiPSCs hold potential for applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.