Intranasal melatonin nanoniosomes: pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics and toxicity studies
Aroonsri Priprem1,2, Jeffrey R Johns1,2, Sucharat Limsitthichaikoon1
1Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Rd, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Aim:
Intranasal melatonin encapsulated in nanosized niosomes was preclinically evaluated.
Methodology:
A formula of melatonin niosomes (MN) was selected through physicochemical and cytotoxic data for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics and toxicity studies in male Wistar rats.
Results:
Intranasal MN was bioequivalent to intravenous injection of melatonin, providing therapeutic level doses. Acute and subchronic toxicity screening showed no abnormal signs, symptoms or hematological effects in any animals. Transient nasal irritations with no inflammation were observed with intranasal MN, leading it to be categorized as relatively harmless.
Conclusion:
The intranasal MN could deliver melatonin to the brain to induce sleep and provide delayed systemic circulation, relative to intravenous injection and also distribute to peripheral tissue.
Related Concept Videos
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...


