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Type 2 diabetes may impair balance function, specifically the utricle, even without a history of falls or horizontal canal issues. This affects patients receiving primary healthcare.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health concern.
  • Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a known complication affecting balance.
  • Vestibular dysfunction in T2DM is not fully understood, especially in primary care settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the function of the utricle and horizontal semicircular canals in patients with T2DM.
  • To compare vestibular function between T2DM patients with and without a history of falls.
  • To identify potential subclinical vestibular deficits in T2DM patients.

Main Methods:

  • 101 T2DM patients and 51 healthy controls underwent vestibular assessments.
  • Horizontal canal function was tested using sinusoidal rotation.
  • Otolith (utricle) function was assessed via visual vertical tests during centrifugation.
  • Static posturography evaluated overall balance control.

Main Results:

  • T2DM patients exhibited reduced otolith responses to centrifugation compared to controls.
  • Horizontal semicircular canal function was similar between groups.
  • T2DM patients showed increased sway area and path length during posturography.
  • Falls history correlated with higher symptom scores but not with neuropathy or age.

Conclusions:

  • Utricular function may be impaired in T2DM patients, irrespective of falls history or horizontal canal function.
  • Vestibular assessment, particularly otolith function, could be beneficial for T2DM patients.
  • Early detection of subclinical vestibular dysfunction may aid in fall prevention strategies.