Respiratory infections: their role in airway responsiveness and pathogenesis of asthma

A clear relationship between viral upper respiratory infections and exacerbations of asthma has been established in numerous clinical studies. However, a unifying concept to explain how respiratory viruses bring about these changes has not been established unless it is the ability of viral illnesses to promote the inflammatory process. These changes in inflammation potentially encompass several organ systems: airway epithelium, the autonomic nervous system, and immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Thus, enhanced airway reactivity in viral respiratory infections represents a complex orchestration of many factors and functions to create the end result of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Insight into precisely how the respiratory virus initiates these changes should provide valuable and new information into the pathogenesis of asthma. Therefore, not only is virus-induced asthma an important clinical problem, but it may also serve as a window to mechanisms of airway hyperreactivity and asthma.