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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Epistasis Analysis01:09

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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Heritability01:06

Heritability

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Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
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Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

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Related Experiment Video

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An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
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Allele-specific expression reveals interactions between genetic variation and environment.

David A Knowles1,2, Joe R Davis1, Hilary Edgington3,4

  • 1Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

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|May 23, 2017
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Summary

We developed EAGLE, a new model to find gene-environment (GxE) interactions. It uses genetic and environmental data to identify more GxE interactions than standard methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Environmental Health
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Identifying gene-environment (GxE) interactions is crucial for understanding complex diseases.
  • Traditional methods struggle to detect the full spectrum of GxE interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce EAGLE, a novel hierarchical Bayesian model for detecting GxE interactions.
  • To leverage allele-specific expression and environmental data for improved GxE interaction identification.

Main Methods:

  • Developed EAGLE, a hierarchical Bayesian model.
  • Combined whole-blood RNA-sequencing data with environmental annotations from 922 individuals.
  • Analyzed associations between environmental variables and allele-specific expression.

Main Results:

  • Identified 35 GxE interactions using the EAGLE model.
  • Standard GxE interaction testing identified only four interactions for comparison.
  • Demonstrated EAGLE's superior performance in detecting GxE interactions.

Conclusions:

  • EAGLE significantly enhances the identification of GxE interactions.
  • The model offers a powerful new approach for utilizing functional genomic data in GxE research.
  • Opens new avenues for understanding genetic and environmental influences on human health.