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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Evolutionary Psychology01:20

Evolutionary Psychology

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Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
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Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

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Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
PN can be administered through two primary routes:
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CPN involves delivering a high concentration of nutrients through a large vein. This is typically achieved using a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) or,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Palatable Western-style Cafeteria Diet as a Reliable Method for Modeling Diet-induced Obesity in Rodents
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Palatable Western-style Cafeteria Diet as a Reliable Method for Modeling Diet-induced Obesity in Rodents

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Evolution not Revolution: Nutrition and Obesity.

Elaine C Rush1, Mary R Yan2,3

  • 1AUT Food Network, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. erush@aut.ac.nz.

Nutrients
|May 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is a global health issue driven by complex factors. Interventions like school programs and healthier food industry practices, alongside improved food literacy, are crucial for long-term health improvements.

Keywords:
agriculturefood choicefood industrynutritionobesitysocial influencesustainable nutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Nutrition Science
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Rising global obesity rates pose significant health risks, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer.
  • Obesity's complex drivers include genetics, socio-ecological factors, food systems, and dietary habits, with limited impact from public health messages alone.
  • The retail food environment often promotes energy-dense, nutrient-poor products, creating a gap between nutritional knowledge and individual behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for legislative action to create supportive environments and enhance food literacy.
  • To present case studies demonstrating successful interventions in New Zealand.
  • To emphasize the role of improved food supply and literacy in combating obesity and non-communicable diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of public health challenges and drivers of obesity.
  • Description of two New Zealand case studies: Project Energize and Under 5 Energize, focusing on school environment changes.
  • Examination of industry collaboration through the development of the Nothing Else™ healthier snack bar.

Main Results:

  • Project Energize and Under 5 Energize serve as exemplars for school-based environmental changes.
  • The development of Nothing Else™ demonstrates a successful partnership with the food industry.
  • Evidence suggests that changes in food literacy and supply can positively influence obesity prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • Legislation mandating supportive environments and promoting food literacy is essential for public health.
  • Integrating food literacy with food supply improvements offers a long-term strategy against obesity and non-communicable diseases.
  • Cross-disciplinary translational research is vital to optimize food supply and literacy interventions for population health and economic well-being.