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Energy Balance01:19

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The human body gets energy from the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released when the chemical bonds in the organic compounds present in the food are broken down. The energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal), defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This value is determined by measuring the temperature change of the water surrounding a calorimeter after the complete...
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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
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A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
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Increasing energy flux to decrease the biological drive toward weight regain after weight loss - A proof-of-concept

Hunter L Paris1, Rebecca M Foright2, Kelsey A Werth2

  • 1Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, USA.

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
|May 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

High energy flux, involving physical activity and increased calorie intake, helps maintain resting metabolic rate (RMR) and reduce hunger after weight loss. This state may counteract the biological drive for weight regain.

Keywords:
ExerciseHungerMetabolismObesityWeight lossWeight regain

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolism and Weight Management
  • Human Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Weight loss triggers compensatory mechanisms, including increased hunger and decreased resting metabolic rate (RMR), promoting weight regain.
  • High energy flux (physical activity and high energy intake) in non-obese individuals is linked to higher RMR and reduced hunger.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a high energy flux state can mitigate the increase in hunger and decrease in RMR typically observed after weight loss.
  • To determine the effects of high versus low energy flux on metabolic rate and appetite regulation in obese adults post-weight loss.

Main Methods:

  • Six obese adults underwent measurements of RMR, thermic effect of a meal (TEM), and appetite hormones before and after weight loss.
  • Following weight loss, participants experienced two 5-day energy balance conditions: Low Flux (LF) and High Flux (HF).
  • RMR, hunger, fullness, glucose, and insulin levels were assessed during and after each flux condition.

Main Results:

  • Average daily RMR was significantly higher during the High Flux (HF) condition compared to the Low Flux (LF) condition.
  • Participants reported lower perceived hunger and greater perceived fullness during the HF state.
  • Thermic effect of a meal and post-meal glucose/insulin responses did not differ between HF and LF conditions.

Conclusions:

  • A short-term High Flux energy balance state post-weight loss is associated with elevated RMR, reduced hunger, and increased fullness.
  • These findings suggest that high energy flux may help attenuate the biological drive for weight regain.
  • Further research with larger samples and longer durations is warranted to confirm these preliminary results.