Cellular mechanisms controlling the strength of synapses

The mechanisms suspected as contributors to the regulation of synaptic strength act at a variety of sites along the causal chain that links activity in a presynaptic neuron to activity in a postsynaptic one. At several places in this chain, morphological factors are expected to have a powerful influence, and at several others, key insights into the mechanisms controlling synaptic action have been achieved using morphological techniques. A variety of presynaptic mechanisms controlling the release of neurotransmitter have been most directly shown to regulate the potency of synaptic connections. Traditional interpretations of the effect of postsynaptic geometry on synaptic strength need to be reevaluated in light of new views of the functional properties of dendritic membrane, and the new neurophysiological data must be incorporated into a more comprehensive view of the behavior of spatially distributed excitable membrane with specific patterns of distributed synaptic inputs.