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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
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Passive Immunization of Farmed Fish.

Binoy Rajan1, Guro Løkka1, Erling Olaf Koppang1

  • 1Institute of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo 0454, Norway.

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Summary

Sustainable aquaculture requires effective disease prevention. This review explores using antibody (Ab) therapeutics for passive immunization in farmed fish, focusing on salmonids and novel Ab fragments for improved fish health and welfare.

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Area of Science:

  • Aquaculture
  • Immunology
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Global aquaculture expansion necessitates sustainable, welfare-focused disease prevention.
  • Passive immunity, including maternal and fish-to-fish transfer, is a viable concept for fish therapeutics.
  • Traditional antibody (Ab) formats are costly and complex to produce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles and scientific basis of passive immunization strategies in aquaculture.
  • To explore the application of therapeutic Abs, including novel fragments, for farmed fish.
  • To focus on salmonids (salmon and trout) within a comparative context.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on fish passive immunity.
  • Analysis of traditional and novel antibody formats (IgG, IgM, rAb fragments, single-domain Abs).
  • Comparative review focusing on farmed salmonids.

Main Results:

  • Passive immunization using Abs is supported by existing research in fish.
  • Recombinant Ab fragments and single-domain Abs offer more accessible and cost-effective alternatives to traditional formats.
  • These novel Ab therapeutics hold promise for disease prevention in aquaculture.

Conclusions:

  • Passive immunization represents a promising strategy for sustainable aquaculture.
  • Emerging antibody therapeutics, particularly recombinant fragments, can enhance fish health and welfare.
  • Further research and application of these strategies are crucial for the growing aquaculture sector.