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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
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Type 2 Diabetes: Demystifying the Global Epidemic.

Ranjit Unnikrishnan1, Rajendra Pradeepa1, Shashank R Joshi2

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Diabetes
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global pandemic with varying susceptibility. Understanding modifiable risk factors, including early beta-cell dysfunction, is crucial for effective prevention strategies in at-risk populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Global Health Epidemiology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global pandemic with significant geographic variations in prevalence.
  • Populations like Pacific Islanders, Asian Indians, and Native Americans exhibit higher susceptibility.
  • Rapid socioeconomic changes, alongside genetic factors, contribute to the escalating T2D rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global spread and varied susceptibility of Type 2 diabetes.
  • To emphasize the role of socioeconomic factors and early beta-cell dysfunction in T2D pathogenesis.
  • To underscore the importance of identifying modifiable risk factors for effective prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on T2D prevalence and susceptibility.
  • Analysis of traditional risk factors (obesity, insulin resistance) versus emerging factors (beta-cell function).
  • Examination of socioeconomic influences on diabetes epidemics in diverse populations.

Main Results:

  • T2D prevalence varies globally, disproportionately affecting certain ethnic groups.
  • Socioeconomic transitions are rapid drivers of diabetes increase.
  • Early beta-cell function loss is a key factor in T2D, particularly in non-obese individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying modifiable risk factors is essential for developing targeted T2D prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Culturally adapted interventions and community empowerment are vital for controlling the diabetes epidemic.
  • Focusing on early beta-cell function is critical for managing T2D, especially in high-risk, non-obese populations.