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Extraordinarily rapid speciation in a marine fish.

Paolo Momigliano1, Henri Jokinen2, Antoine Fraimout3

  • 1Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; paolo.momigliano@helsinki.fi.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 24, 2017
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Ecological speciation in Baltic flounders occurred rapidly, driven by divergent spawning behaviors. This rapid speciation event in marine vertebrates highlights the pace of adaptation and reproductive isolation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Marine Ecology
  • Speciation Research

Background:

  • Ecological speciation can rapidly initiate reproductive isolation.
  • The pace of ecological speciation is not fully understood.
  • European flounders in the Baltic Sea present a unique case study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document rapid speciation in Baltic flounders.
  • To investigate the role of ecological selection in speciation.
  • To determine the genetic basis and timeline of speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis.
  • Analysis of reproductive behaviors (pelagic vs. demersal spawning).
  • Approximate Bayesian computation for evolutionary scenario evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Baltic flounders exhibit two reproductively isolated ecotypes with contrasting spawning behaviors.
  • Strong reproductive isolation and reciprocal monophyly observed despite parapatric distribution.
  • Genomic signatures suggest recent ecological speciation, initiated ~2,400 generations ago.

Conclusions:

  • Spawning behavior is the key trait driving rapid ecological speciation in Baltic flounders.
  • This represents the fastest marine vertebrate speciation event documented.
  • Ecological selection can drive rapid reproductive isolation and speciation.