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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Catalysis02:50

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
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Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Confined catalysis under two-dimensional materials.

Haobo Li1, Jianping Xiao1, Qiang Fu2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Confined catalysis, using 2D materials over catalysts, weakens adsorption. This controlled microenvironment modulates surface reactivity, optimizing reactions like oxygen reduction on platinum surfaces.

Keywords:
confined catalysisdensity functional theorygrapheneoxygen reduction reactiontwo-dimensional materials

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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Surface science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Confined microenvironments in heterogeneous catalysts are crucial.
  • Understanding confined catalysis is key for catalyst development.
  • 2D material overlayers create ideal 2D spaces for studying confined catalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of 2D material overlayers on catalyst surface properties.
  • To explore the fundamentals of confined catalysis.
  • To demonstrate the modulation of surface reactivity through confined catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Studying adsorption on Pt(111), Pt(110), and Pt(100) surfaces.
  • Investigating the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on modified Pt surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Adsorption of atoms and molecules on Pt surfaces is weakened under graphene overlayers.
  • Geometric constraints and confinement fields in the 2D space reduce adsorption strength.
  • Surface reactivity can be modulated, as shown by optimized ORR activity on Pt(111) with various 2D materials.

Conclusions:

  • A concept of confined catalysis under 2D cover is demonstrated.
  • Weak van der Waals interactions between 2D materials and catalysts are key.
  • 2D material overlayers offer a method to tune catalyst performance.