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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

6.0K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

3.7K
Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
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A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

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Autophagy in the placenta.

Soo-Young Oh1, Cheong-Rae Roh1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
|May 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular degradation process, is crucial for cellular health and disease. This review explores autophagy

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process for degrading damaged components.
  • Its molecular machinery and signaling pathways are increasingly understood.
  • Dysregulation is linked to various human diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide foundational knowledge on autophagy (Part I).
  • To review current literature on autophagy in the human placenta (Part II).
  • To establish a basis for future research on placental autophagy and pregnancy complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Compilation of general information on autophagy.
Keywords:
AutophagyPlacentaTrophoblasts

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  • Summary of studies specifically investigating autophagy in the human placenta.

    • Main Results:

    • The basic principles and molecular mechanisms of autophagy are outlined.
    • Existing research on autophagy within the human placenta is summarized.
    • The current understanding of placental autophagy is identified as nascent.

    Conclusions:

    • Autophagy is a vital cellular process with implications for human health.
    • Further research into placental autophagy is warranted.
    • Understanding placental autophagy may illuminate pregnancy complications.